Progress Toward Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

This extract explains how different forms of foreign aid and international assistance contribute to progress toward the Sustainable Development Goals, especially eradicating extreme poverty. It covers motives for aid, generic advantages and limitations, and the IB-specified categories: humanitarian/development aid, debt relief, Official Development Assistance (ODA), and multilateral development assistance (MDA). It also outlines the role and structure of the World Bank (IBRD and IDA), issues around external debt and HIPCs, and the effectiveness concerns that can hinder development outcomes. The material links aid flows to growth, inequality, and debt dynamics that affect low-income economies.