Unit 4.7 - Sustainable Development

All 41 cards in this deck

Every term and definition, free to read. Hit study above to practice them as flashcards.

Economic progress that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

sustainable development

Resources that are not replenished after use.

Non-renewable natural resources

Responsible management of natural resources to prevent compromising future generations' access to them.

environmental sustainability

The efficient utilization of limited resources to ensure that future generations are not disadvantaged.

economic sustainability

The framework within an economy that promotes optimal living standards for all members now and supports future generations.

social sustainability

Brundtland Report

A pivotal document from 1987 that defines sustainable development as meeting present needs without compromising future generations' ability to meet theirs, emphasizing the importance of addressing the needs of the poor.

Club of Rome

An organization founded in 1968 that published a report in 1972 highlighting the negative impacts of economic growth on the environment, influencing discussions on sustainable development.

Montreal Protocol

An international treaty adopted in 1987 aimed at protecting the ozone layer by phasing out the production of substances responsible for ozone depletion, such as Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs).

Paris Agreement

An international accord that builds upon the UNFCCC, aiming to combat climate change by requiring participant countries to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions.

Polluter-pays principle

The principle that those who produce pollution should bear the costs of managing it to prevent damage to human health or the environment, proposed by the OECD in the 1970s to address negative externalities of pollution.

UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

A set of 17 goals adopted by all UN member states in 2015 aimed at addressing global challenges such as poverty and inequality while promoting sustainable development.

forestry

The management and conservation of forests, which play a crucial role in ecological functions like carbon storage and biodiversity, and are essential for sustainable development.

poverty alleviation

Efforts aimed at reducing poverty, often through economic growth and access to basic necessities, which can lead to environmental challenges if not managed sustainably.

Individuals living on less than US$1.90 per day, often reliant on primary sector activities, represent a severe level of deprivation in low-income nations.HL

Acute poverty

The disparity between women and men in various social, political, and economic aspects.HL

gender gap

The part of the economy focused on extracting natural resources.HL

The primary sector of the economy

Gini indexHL

A measure of income and wealth inequality within a population, represented on a scale from 0 to 1, where 0 indicates perfect equality and 1 indicates maximum inequality. The Gini index's decline in a country can indicate improvements in income distribution and efforts towards reducing inequality.

Population growthHL

The increase in the number of individuals in a population, which can strain resources and hinder sustainable development. Controlling population growth is often advocated to ensure equitable access to resources, education, and healthcare, particularly in low-income countries.

ResilienceHL

The capacity of individuals or communities to recover from economic, social, or environmental shocks, which is crucial for reducing vulnerability to climate-related events and poverty. Building resilience involves ensuring access to resources and services that can help mitigate the impacts of such shocks.

Social protectionHL

Systems and measures designed to provide support and assistance to the poor and vulnerable populations, aiming to achieve substantial coverage and ensure equal rights to economic resources.

education accessHL

The ability of individuals to obtain education, which is crucial for improving employment opportunities and reducing poverty, especially in low-income countries.

poverty eradicationHL

The process of eliminating extreme poverty in all its forms, which is a primary goal of sustainable development efforts aimed at improving living conditions globally.

public investmentsHL

Government expenditures aimed at improving infrastructure and services that support economic growth, which are essential for sustainable development and reducing poverty.

social protection systemsHL

Policies and programs designed to reduce poverty and vulnerability by promoting efficient labor markets, diminishing people's exposure to risks, and enhancing their capacity to manage economic and social risks.

Goal focused on equal access to education and jobs.

MDG 3: Promote gender equality and empower women

Goal to increase births supported by skilled healthcare.

MDG 5: Improve maternal health

Goal to increase literacy and school enrolment rates.

MDG 2: Achieve universal education

Goal to lower the infant mortality rate through immunization.

MDG 4: Reduce child mortality rates

Goal to reduce the number of people living on $1.25 a day.

MDG 1: Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger

International targets aimed at achieving peace and prosperity.

Sustainable Development Goals

The approach to meet the needs of low-income nations through collaboration.

MDG 8: Develop a global partnership for development

The effort to stop the spread of diseases like HIV/AIDS and malaria.

MDG 6: Combat major diseases

The initiative to reduce carbon emissions and improve access to clean water.

MDG 7: Ensure environmental sustainability

The revised international poverty line figure.

World Bank revision note

$1.90 per day

The internationally recognized poverty line set by the World Bank, indicating the minimum income needed to meet basic living standards, which highlights the extent of global poverty.

Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)

A set of eight international development goals established by the UN to be achieved by 2015, aimed at addressing issues like poverty, hunger, and disease before transitioning to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

food security

The state in which all people have physical, social, and economic access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food to meet their dietary needs for an active and healthy life, crucial for ending hunger.

international poverty line

The World Bank's benchmark for measuring extreme poverty, revised to $1.90 per day in 2015, which indicates the minimum income level necessary to meet basic needs.

maternal health

A goal aimed at improving the health of mothers by ensuring that births are supported by skilled healthcare professionals, thus reducing maternal mortality rates.

sustainable agriculture

Farming practices that meet current food needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs, essential for poverty eradication and environmental health.

universal education

The goal of every child completing at least primary schooling regardless of income, sex or location. It builds human capital and is one of the Sustainable Development Goals.